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分类归档 Linux

【Linux】分区扩容至整个SD卡

作者 stormwind

一、查看信息

root@somlabs:~# fdisk -l
省略若干


Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 3.7 GiB, 3965714432 bytes, 7745536 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x9de2d76a

Device         Boot Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk1p0      16384 1628159 1611776  787M 83 Linux

二、操作分区

假如需要扩展分区为mmcblk0p1

root@somlabs:~# fdisk /dev/mmcblk0

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 3.7 GiB, 3965714432 bytes, 7745536 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x9de2d76a

Device         Boot Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk1p1      16384 1628159 1611776  787M 83 Linux
这里也看到Start扇区也是16384
Command (m for help): d
把这个分区删除
Partition 1 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): p
列出分区信息Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 3.7 GiB, 3965714432 bytes, 7745536 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x9de2d76a

Command (m for help): n
新建分区Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
主分区Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
分区序号，First sector (2048-7745535, default 2048): 16384
这里要使用起始扇区16384这个值Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (16384-7745535, default 7745535):
默认回车取最大，
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 3.7 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature.

Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n
不改变文件分区信号？？
Command (m for help): w
写入生效
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).

三、重启系统

root@somlabs:~# reboot

四、扩容文件系统

resize2fs /dev/mmcblk1p1
resize2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
Filesystem at /dev/mmcblk1p1 is m[  122.795430] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p1): resizing filesystem from 201472 to 966144 blocks
ounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
[  123.861183] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p1): resized filesystem to 966144
The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk1p1 is now 966144 (4k) blocks long.

五、查看大小

df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root       3.7G  499M  3.0G  15% /
devtmpfs         88M     0   88M   0% /dev
tmpfs           248M     0  248M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           248M  3.4M  245M   2% /run
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           248M     0  248M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs            50M     0   50M   0% /run/user/0

【Linux】MTD 动态挂载SPI-NOR flash

作者 stormwind

1、配置psi-nor为驱动模块

 Device Drivers  --->   
   <*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support  ---> 
     <M>   SPI NOR device support  --->

2、进入内核加载

modpro and insmod xxx.ko

spi-nor.ko

【Linux】实现spidev驱动添加

作者 stormwind

一、功能配置

1、make menuconfig

2、修改设备树

&spi3 {
        status = "okay";
        pinctrl-names = "default";
        pinctrl-0 = <&spi3m1_cs0 &spi3m1_pins>;
        spi_test@00 {
                compatible = "rockchip,rk-spidev";
                reg = <0>;
                spi-max-frequency = <5000000>;
        };
};

3、修改驱动文件

vim spidev.c
增加compatible 匹配设备树参数。

static const struct spi_device_id spidev_spi_ids[] = {
        { .name = "dh2228fv" },
        { .name = "ltc2488" },
        { .name = "sx1301" },
        { .name = "bk4" },
        { .name = "dhcom-board" },
        { .name = "m53cpld" },
        { .name = "spi-petra" },
        { .name = "spi-authenta" },
        { .name = "rk-spidev" },
        {},
};
static const struct of_device_id spidev_dt_ids[] = {
        { .compatible = "rohm,dh2228fv", .data = &spidev_of_check },
        { .compatible = "lineartechnology,ltc2488", .data = &spidev_of_check },
        { .compatible = "semtech,sx1301", .data = &spidev_of_check },
        { .compatible = "lwn,bk4", .data = &spidev_of_check },
        { .compatible = "dh,dhcom-board", .data = &spidev_of_check },
        { .compatible = "menlo,m53cpld", .data = &spidev_of_check },
        { .compatible = "cisco,spi-petra", .data = &spidev_of_check },
        { .compatible = "micron,spi-authenta", .data = &spidev_of_check },
        { .compatible = "rockchip,rk-spidev", .data = &spidev_of_check },
        {},
};

二、测试spidev设备

【IMG】创建和修改镜像内容

作者 recologypower

一、创建新镜像文件

1、创建镜像文件

使用dd命令创建一个空的镜像文件rootfs.img，每次读取和写入的字节数是1M，大小为1M*2048；大小可根据自己需要保存文件的多少自定义。

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.img bs=1M count=2048

2、格式化镜像文件

格式化镜像文件rootfs.img为ext4格式，具体格式化的类型还有ext3、ntfs、fat等格式可自定义。

$ mkfs.ext4 -c rootfs.img

3、挂载镜像文件

挂载镜像文件rootfs.img到/mnt目录中。具体挂载的目录可以自定义。

$ sudo mount -t ext4 -o loop rootfs.img /mnt

4、拷贝文件到镜像

拷贝需要打包到镜像中的文件到挂载的目录中，此处表示拷贝rootfs/下的所有文件到/mnt目录中（即镜像文件中）。
$ sudo cp -rfp rootfs/* /mnt

5、取消挂载

取消镜像文件的挂载。取消挂载后就表示镜像文件制作完成。

$ sudo umount /mnt

二、修改镜像文件

1、查看镜像分区

fdisk *.img
xiaobao@Newu:~/hdd/tmp$ fdisk AB-small-S-lvm-A03-other-armbian-1.1.100.57.9.img

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p
Disk AB-small-S-lvm-A03-other-armbian-1.1.100.57.9.img: 2.77 GiB, 2956984320 bytes, 5775360 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device                                             Boot  Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
AB-small-S-lvm-A03-other-armbian-1.1.100.57.9.img1        8192  530431  522240  255M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
AB-small-S-lvm-A03-other-armbian-1.1.100.57.9.img2      532480 5775359 5242880  2.5G 83 Linux

2、挂载分区

sudo mount -o loop,offset=4194304 AB-small-S-lvm-A03-other-armbian-1.1.100.57.9.img /mnt/tmp/

可以看到img文件中有两个分区，第一个分区是从8192开始的，这里需要特别注意，需要转换一下：8192*512=4194304B

3、替换内容

$ sudo cp -rfp rootfs/* /mnt/tmp/

三、硬盘导出镜像工具

DiskInternals.Linux_.Reader.4.8.2.0.exe_下载

【Linux】lvgl交叉编译环境配置

作者 stormwind 
CC =  arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc#这里使用你板子编译的gcc最好指定有路径的更明确
LVGL_DIR ?= $(shell pwd)/..#创建lvgl的根目录
LVGL_DIR_NAME ?= lvgl
CFLAGS ?= -O3 -g0 -I$(LVGL_DIR)/
LDFLAGS ?= -lm -lpthread
BIN = bbu_base_func
MAINSRC = ../main.c ../tcp_server.c ../lx2160_fan.c ../lx2160_tmp.c ../lxspi_gd32.c ../clk_sync.c
include $(LVGL_DIR)/lvgl/lvgl.mk
include $(LVGL_DIR)/lv_drivers/lv_drivers.mk
OBJEXT ?= .o
AOBJS = $(ASRCS:.S=$(OBJEXT))
COBJS = $(CSRCS:.c=$(OBJEXT))
MAINOBJ = $(MAINSRC:.c=$(OBJEXT))
SRCS = $(ASRCS) $(CSRCS) $(MAINSRC)
OBJS = $(AOBJS) $(COBJS)

all: default

%.o: %.c
        @$(CC)  $(CFLAGS) -c $(INCLUDES) $< -o $@
        @echo "CC $<"

default: $(AOBJS) $(COBJS) $(MAINOBJ)
        $(CC) -static -o $(BIN) $(MAINOBJ) $(AOBJS) $(COBJS) $(LDFLAGS)
        cp $(BIN) ../
clean:
        rm -f $(BIN) $(AOBJS) $(COBJS) $(MAINOBJ)