1、尝试启动docker

root@DESKTOP-3TQ8K9B:~# systemctl start docker
Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xeu docker.service" for details.

2、查看启动log

root@DESKTOP-3TQ8K9B:~# sudo dockerd --debug
INFO[2022-08-05T23:05:51.543106408+08:00] Starting up
......
failed to start daemon: Error initializing network controller: error obtaining controller instance: unable to add return rule in DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 chain:  (iptables failed: iptables --wait -A DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 -j RETURN: iptables v1.8.7 (nf_tables):  RULE_APPEND failed (No such file or directory): rule in chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1
 (exit status 4))

3、解决问题

sudo update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy