BIOS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n2.\u5173\u673a (\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u4ee5\u53ca\u767b\u51fa )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown -h now<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
init 0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
telinit 0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown -h hours:minutes &<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown -c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53d6\u6d88\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown -r now<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u542f(1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
reboot<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u542f(2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
logout<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6ce8\u9500<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd \/home<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u5165 ‘\/ home’ \u76ee\u5f55’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd ..<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd ..\/..<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e24\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd ~user1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd –<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pwd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -F<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -l<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8d44\u6599<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls [0-9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tree<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784(1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lstree<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784(2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir dir1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘dir1′ \u7684\u76ee\u5f55’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir dir1 dir2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir -p \/tmp\/dir1\/dir2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -f file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rmdir dir1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘dir1′ \u7684\u76ee\u5f55’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -rf dir1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘dir1’ \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5176\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -rf dir1 dir2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mv dir1 new_dir<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u547d\u540d\/\u79fb\u52a8 \u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp file1 file2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp dir\/* .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp -a \/tmp\/dir1 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp -a dir1 dir2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ln -s file1 lnk1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ln file1 lnk1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
touch -t 0712250000 file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 – (YYMMDDhhmm)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
iconv -l<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -name file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece ‘\/’ \u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -user user1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u641c\u7d22\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237 ‘user1’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/home\/user1 -name \\*.bin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u76ee\u5f55 ‘\/ home\/user1′ \u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5e26\u6709’.bin’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/usr\/bin -type f -atime +100<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u641c\u7d22\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb100\u5929\u5185\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/usr\/bin -type f -mtime -10<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u641c\u7d22\u572810\u5929\u5185\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -name \\*.rpm -exec chmod 755 ‘{}’ \\;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 ‘.rpm’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -xdev -name *.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 ‘.rpm’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u5149\u9a71\u3001\u6377\u76d8\u7b49\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n\n
locate *.ps<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bfb\u627e\u4ee5 ‘.ps’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 – \u5148\u8fd0\u884c ‘updatedb’ \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
whereis halt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6e90\u7801\u6216man\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
which halt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5.\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/hda2 \/mnt\/hda2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 – \u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55 ‘\/ mnt\/hda2’ \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n\n\n\n
umount \/dev\/hda2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5378\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 – \u5148\u4ece\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 ‘\/ mnt\/hda2’ \u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fuser -km \/mnt\/hda2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u8bbe\u5907\u7e41\u5fd9\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u5378\u8f7d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
umount -n \/mnt\/hda2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u5378\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4e0d\u5199\u5165 \/etc\/mtab \u6587\u4ef6- \u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6216\u5f53\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u6ee1\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/fd0 \/mnt\/floppy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/cdrom \/mnt\/cdrom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrom\u6216dvdrom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/hdc \/mnt\/cdrecorder<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/hdb \/mnt\/cdrecorder<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount -o loop file.iso \/mnt\/cdrom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216ISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount -t vfat \/dev\/hda5 \/mnt\/hda5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aWindows FAT32\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/usbdisk<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2ausb \u6377\u76d8\u6216\u95ea\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass \/\/WinClient\/share \/mnt\/share<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2awindows\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u4eab<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6.\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
df -h<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u533a\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -lSr |more<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
du -sh dir1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f30\u7b97\u76ee\u5f55 ‘dir1′ \u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
du -sk * | sort -rn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q -a –qf ‘%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort -k1,1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg-query -W -f=’installed-size;10t{Package}n’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort -k1,1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7.\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
groupadd group_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
groupdel group_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
useradd -c “Name Surname ” -g admin -d \/home\/user1 -s \/bin\/bash user1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e “admin” \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n\n\n\n
useradd user1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n\n\n\n
userdel -r user1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237 ( ‘-r’ \u6392\u9664\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
usermod -c “User FTP” -g system -d \/ftp\/user1 -s \/bin\/nologin user1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
passwd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
passwd user1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4 (\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8root\u6267\u884c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chage -E 2005-12-31 user1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u5931\u6548\u671f\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pwck<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u68c0\u67e5 ‘\/etc\/passwd’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grpck<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u68c0\u67e5 ‘\/etc\/passwd’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
newgrp group_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u767b\u9646\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
9.\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650 – \u4f7f\u7528 “+” \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 “-” \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -lh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls \/tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c06\u7ec8\u7aef\u5212\u5206\u62105\u680f\u663e\u793a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod ugo+rwx directory1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba(u)\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u4ee5\u8bfb(r )\u3001\u5199(w)\u548c\u6267\u884c(x)\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod go-rwx directory1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chown user1 file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chown -R user1 directory1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chgrp group1 file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chown user1:group1 file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/ -perm -u+s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86SUID\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod u+s \/bin\/file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID \u4f4d – \u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod u-s \/bin\/file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod g+s \/home\/public<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684SGID \u4f4d – \u7c7b\u4f3cSUID \uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod g-s \/home\/public<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 SGID \u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod o+t \/home\/public<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d – \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u6cd5\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod o-t \/home\/public<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
10.\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027 – \u4f7f\u7528 “+” \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 “-” \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +a file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +c file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u88ab\u5185\u6838\u81ea\u52a8\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +d file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0cdump\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +i file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u8005\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +s file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +S file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5230\u78c1\u76d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chattr +u file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lsattr<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
11.\u6253\u5305\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bunzip2 file1.bz2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1.bz2’\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bzip2 file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gunzip file1.gz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1.gz’\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gzip file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1’\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gzip -9 file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rar a file1.rar test_file<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1.rar’ \u7684\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29 ‘file1’, ‘file2’ \u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55 ‘dir1’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rar x file1.rar<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u538brar\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unrar x file1.rar<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u538brar\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -cvf archive.tar file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u538b\u7f29\u7684 tarball<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86 ‘file1’, ‘file2’ \u4ee5\u53ca ‘dir1’\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -tf archive.tar<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -xvf archive.tar<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -xvf archive.tar -C \/tmp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u91ca\u653e\u5230 \/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -xvfz archive.tar.gz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
zip file1.zip file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c06\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unzip file1.zip<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
12.RPM \u5305 – (Fedora, Redhat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -ivh package.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -ivh –nodeeps package.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u8b66\u544a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -U package.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u4f46\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -F package.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -e package_name.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep httpd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qi package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qg “System Environment\/Daemons”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684rpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -ql package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qc package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q package_name –whatrequires<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q package_name –whatprovides<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4f53\u79ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q package_name –scripts<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\/\u5220\u9664\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672cl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -q package_name –changelog<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5386\u53f2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qf \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qp package.rpm -l<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm –import \/media\/cdrom\/RPM-GPG-KEY<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bfc\u5165\u516c\u94a5\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm –checksig package.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -qa gpg-pubkey<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709rpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -V package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001 \u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3001MD5\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -Va<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305- \u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -Vp package.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u8fd8\u672a\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm2cpio package.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cpio –extract –make-directories bin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpm -ivh \/usr\/src\/redhat\/RPMS\/arch\/package.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u7684\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rpmbuild –rebuild package_name.src.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a rpm \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
13.YUM \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5347\u7ea7\u5668 – (Fedora, RedHat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum install package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum localinstall package_name.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c06\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum update package_name.rpm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum update package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum remove package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum list<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum search package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728rpm\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u641c\u5bfb\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum clean packages<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6e05\u7406rpm\u7f13\u5b58\u5220\u9664\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum clean headers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum clean all<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5305\u548c\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
14.DEB \u5305 (Debian, Ubuntu \u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -i package.deb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -r package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -l<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684 deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -l<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep httpd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -s package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u83b7\u5f97\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -L package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg –contents package.deb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dpkg -S \/bin\/ping<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2adeb\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15.APT \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177 (Debian, Ubuntu \u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get install package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-cdrom install package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5149\u76d8\u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get update<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5347\u7ea7\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get upgrade<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get remove package_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get check<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u6b63\u786e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-get clean<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e2d\u6e05\u7406\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt-cache search searched-package<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd4\u56de\u5305\u542b\u6240\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16.\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tac file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
more file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
less file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e ‘more’ \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u548c\u6b63\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
head -2 file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tail -2 file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tail -f \/var\/log\/messages<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
17.\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat file1 file2 …<\/p>\n\n\n\n
command <> file1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc…) > result.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc…) >> result.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep Aug \/var\/log\/messages<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6587\u4ef6 ‘\/var\/log\/messages’\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u952e\u8bcd”Aug”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep ^Aug \/var\/log\/messages<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6587\u4ef6 ‘\/var\/log\/messages’\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4ee5”Aug”\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep [0-9] \/var\/log\/messages<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9009\u62e9 ‘\/var\/log\/messages’ \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep Aug -R \/var\/log\/*<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u76ee\u5f55 ‘\/var\/log’ \u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32”Aug”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed ‘s\/stringa1\/stringa2\/g’ example.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c06example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 “string1” \u66ff\u6362\u6210 “string2”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed ‘\/^$\/d’ example.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed ‘\/ *#\/d; \/^$\/d’ example.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo ‘esempio’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tr ‘[:lower:]’ ‘[:upper:]’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -e ‘1d’ result.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6example.txt \u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -n ‘\/stringa1\/p’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u8bcd\u6c47 “string1″\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -e ‘s\/ *$\/\/’ example.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -e ‘s\/stringa1\/\/g’ example.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u8bcd\u6c47 “string1” \u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u5269\u4f59\u5168\u90e8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -n ‘1,5p;5q’ example.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5230\u7b2c5\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -n ‘5p;5q’ example.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u7b2c5\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed -e ‘s\/00*\/0\/g’ example.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u96f6\u66ff\u6362\u591a\u4e2a\u96f6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat -n file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6807\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat example.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
awk ‘NR%2==1’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo a b c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
awk ‘{print $1}’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo a b c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
awk ‘{print $1,$3}’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
paste file1 file2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
paste -d ‘+’ file1 file2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7528”+”\u533a\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort file1 file2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6392\u5e8f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort file1 file2 | uniq<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e76\u96c6(\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort file1 file2 | uniq -u<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort file1 file2 | uniq -d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6(\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comm -1 file1 file2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 ‘file1’ \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comm -2 file1 file2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 ‘file2’ \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comm -3 file1 file2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n\n\n\n
18.\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4eceMSDOS\u8f6c\u6362\u6210UNIX<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4eceUNIX\u8f6c\u6362\u6210MSDOS<\/p>\n\n\n\n
recode ..HTML < page.txt > page.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u6362\u6210html<\/p>\n\n\n\n
recode -l | more<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
19.\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
badblocks -v \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8hda1\u4e0a\u7684\u574f\u78c1\u5757<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fsck \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0alinux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fsck.ext2 \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
e2fsck \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
e2fsck -j \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fsck.ext3 \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fsck.vfat \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0afat\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fsck.msdos \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0ados\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dosfsck \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0ados\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
20.\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkfs \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mke2fs \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2alinux ext2\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mke2fs -j \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2alinux ext3(\u65e5\u5fd7\u578b)\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkfs -t vfat 32 -F \/dev\/hda1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a FAT32 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fdformat -n \/dev\/fd0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkswap \/dev\/hda3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
21.SWAP\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkswap \/dev\/hda3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
swapon \/dev\/hda3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684swap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
swapon \/dev\/hda2 \/dev\/hdb3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u542f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2aswap\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
22.\u5907\u4efd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dump -0aj -f \/tmp\/home0.bak \/home<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a ‘\/home’ \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5907\u4efd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dump -1aj -f \/tmp\/home0.bak \/home<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a ‘\/home’ \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
restore -if \/tmp\/home0.bak<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd8\u539f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rsync -rogpav –delete \/home \/tmp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540c\u6b65\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rsync -rogpav -e ssh –delete \/home ip_address:\/tmp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u901a\u9053rsync<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rsync -az -e ssh –delete ip_addr:\/home\/public \/home\/local<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7ssh\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rsync -az -e ssh –delete \/home\/local ip_addr:\/home\/public<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7ssh\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dd bs=1M if=\/dev\/hda<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gzip<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dd if=\/dev\/sda of=\/tmp\/file1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5907\u4efd\u78c1\u76d8\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -Puf backup.tar \/home\/user<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9 ‘\/home\/user’ \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
( cd \/tmp\/local\/ && tar c . )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ssh -C user@ip_addr ‘cd \/home\/share\/ && tar x -p’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
( tar c \/home )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ssh -C user@ip_addr ‘cd \/home\/backup-home && tar x -p’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar cf – .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(cd \/tmp\/backup ; tar xf – )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/home\/user1 -name ‘*.txt’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
xargs cp -av –target-directory=\/home\/backup\/ –parents<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find \/var\/log -name ‘*.log’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar cv –files-from=-<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dd if=\/dev\/hda of=\/dev\/fd0 bs=512 count=1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06 MBR (Master Boot Record)\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8f6f\u76d8\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dd if=\/dev\/fd0 of=\/dev\/hda bs=512 count=1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u8f6f\u76d8\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u6062\u590dMBR\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
23.\u5149\u76d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=\/dev\/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6e05\u7a7a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u590d\u5199\u7684\u5149\u76d8\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkisofs \/dev\/cdrom > cd.iso<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u76d8\u7684iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkisofs \/dev\/cdrom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gzip > cd_iso.gz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V “Label CD” -iso-level 4 -o .\/cd.iso data_cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cdrecord -v dev=\/dev\/cdrom cd.iso<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u523b\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2aISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev=\/dev\/cdrom –<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u523b\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u7684ISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount -o loop cd.iso \/mnt\/iso<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd-paranoia -B<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aCD\u5149\u76d8\u8f6c\u5f55\u97f3\u8f68\u5230 wav \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd-paranoia — “-3”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aCD\u5149\u76d8\u8f6c\u5f55\u97f3\u8f68\u5230 wav \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d(\u53c2\u6570-3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cdrecord –scanbus<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u626b\u63cf\u603b\u7ebf\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522bscsi\u901a\u9053<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dd if=\/dev\/hdc | md5sum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6821\u9a8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684md5sum\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u5f20 CD<\/p>\n\n\n\n
24.\u7f51\u7edc – (\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u548cWIFI\u65e0\u7ebf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ifconfig eth0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ifup eth0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a ‘eth0’ \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ifdown eth0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a ‘eth0’ \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a7\u5236IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ifconfig eth0 promisc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e ‘eth0’ \u6210\u6df7\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u55c5\u63a2\u6570\u636e\u5305 (sniffing)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dhclient eth0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5dhcp\u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u7528 ‘eth0’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
route -n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show routing table<\/p>\n\n\n\n
route add -net 0\/0 gw IP_Gateway<\/p>\n\n\n\n
configure default gateway<\/p>\n\n\n\n
route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
configure static route to reach network ‘192.168.0.0\/16’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
route del 0\/0 gw IP_gateway<\/p>\n\n\n\n
remove static route<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo “1” > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward<\/p>\n\n\n\n
activate ip routing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hostname<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show hostname of system<\/p>\n\n\n\n
host www.example.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa(1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nslookup www.example.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa(2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip link show<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show link status of all interfaces<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mii-tool eth0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show link status of ‘eth0’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ethtool eth0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show statistics of network card ‘eth0’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
netstat -tup<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show all active network connections and their PID<\/p>\n\n\n\n
netstat -tupl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show all network services listening on the system and their PID<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tcpdump tcp port 80<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show all HTTP traffic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
iwlist scan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show wireless networks<\/p>\n\n\n\n
iwconfig eth1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show configuration of a wireless network card<\/p>\n\n\n\n
whois www.example.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lookup on Whois database<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5230\u6b64\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8eLinux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5927\u5168(\u63a8\u8350\u6536\u85cf)\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u8fd9\u4e86,\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u5173Linux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u641c\u7d22\u811a\u672c\u4e4b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u4ee5\u540e\u591a\u591a\u652f\u6301\u811a\u672c\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"